ABSTRACT
Introdução: A hemoterapia consiste no tratamento terapêutico através da transfusão sanguínea. Considerando à vasta quantidade de doenças infecciosas que podem ser transmitidas pelo sangue, se faz necessária a realização de exames laboratoriais de alta sensibilidade para minimizar os riscos transfusionais aos doadores e receptores. Assim, no estudo foi avaliada a prevalência de marcadores sorológicos para Hepatite B e C em um banco de sangue de Porto Alegre- RS, bem como a correlação entre a sorologia e o teste de amplificação de ácido nucléico (NAT). Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo que foi realizado através da análise das informações de todos os doadores de sangue contidas em um banco de dados de um Banco de Sangue de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos de 2017 e 2018, avaliando resultados da sorologia e o teste NAT para hepatite B e Hepatite C. Resultados: Das 17.181 doações de sangue, o total de bolsas sorologicamente reagentes foi 162 (0,94%) reagentes para o Anti-HBc, 20 (0,12%) amostras foram positivas para o HbsAg e 62 (0,36%) reagentes para o Anti-HCV. Apenas 4 (0,02%) amostras foram reagentes simultaneamente para o Anti-HBC e para o HbsAg, as quais foram também positivas no teste NAT. Já o teste NAT nas amostras reagente para Hepatite C, corresponderam a 18 (0,10%). Conclusões: A evolução da biotecnologia vem auxiliando a biossegurança nas transfusões de sangue. Considerando que a implementação do teste NAT é relativamente recente nos bancos de sangue, sugere-se mais estudos com períodos diferentes de tempo para a pesquisa de resultados satisfatórios, além disso, possibilitando elucidar ainda mais os resultados voltados à segurança transfusional e a associação dos testes sorológicos e o teste NAT nos bancos de sangue. (AU)
Introduction: Hemotherapy consists of therapeutic treatment using blood transfusion. Because of the vast amount of bloodborne infectious diseases, highly sensitive laboratory tests must be conducted to minimize the transfusion risks for donors and recipients. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C serological markers in samples from a blood bank in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, as well as the correlation between serology and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT). Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted to analyze blood donor information obtained from a blood bank database in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, concerning 2017 and 2018. Serology and NAT results for hepatitis B and C were examined. Results: Of 17,181 blood donations, the total number of serologically reactive samples was 162 (0.94%) for anti-HBc, 20 (0.12%) for HbsAg, and 62 (0.36%) for anti-HCV. Only 4 (0.02%) samples were simultaneously reactive for anti-HBc and HbsAg, being also positive in NAT. The number of samples reactive to hepatitis C in NAT was 18 (0.10%). Conclusions: Biotechnological evolution has contributed to biosafety in blood transfusions. Considering that NAT is relatively recent in blood banks, further studies using different time periods are suggested for yielding satisfactory results for transfusion safety and elucidating the combination of serological testing and NAT at blood banks. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Serology , Blood Banks/methods , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Communicable Diseases/diagnosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introdução: As transfusões sanguíneas começaram a ser realizadas no Brasil no século XX como forma de tratamento terapêutico. Com a descoberta do vírus HIV, a segurança do sangue doado passou a ser prioritária. Assim, candidatos à doação de sangue são submetidos a uma triagem clínica e sorológica, além do teste de ácido nucleico (NAT), obrigatório desde 2014 nos bancos de sangue. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo através da análise de dados dos doadores de sangue de um Serviço de Hemoterapia em Porto Alegre/RS, nos anos de 2015 a 2017. Avaliando resultados sorológicos e da técnica NAT para HIV. Resultados: Das 28.625 amostras de usuários do serviço de hemoterapia, 41 (0,14%) foram reagentes para o HIV e 21 (0,07%) foram reagente para o teste NAT. Estes dados demonstram uma reatividade duas vezes maior nas amostras de bolsas testadas sorologicamente quando comparadas com a metodologia utilizada no NAT. Conclusão: O avanço científico e tecnológico tem auxiliado no que se refere a redução dos riscos de transmissão de doenças infecto-contagiosa por transfusão sanguínea. O teste NAT teve um acréscimo significativo na pesquisa dos vírus para a segurança na liberação de hemocompoentes. O teste foi introduzido nas rotinas de banco de sangue no intuito de reduzir o período de janela imunológica quando comparado aos testes sorológicos, fato este não observado nos anos de coleta de dados no Serviço de Hemoterapia referido neste estudo. (AU)
Introduction: Blood transfusions began to be performed in Brazil in the twentieth century as a form of therapeutic treatment. With the discovery of the HIV, the safety of donated blood became a priority. Therefore, candidates for blood donation are subjected to clinical and serological screening, in addition to the nucleic acid test (NAT), which has been mandatory since 2014 in blood banks. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using data from blood donors at one hemotherapy service in Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, from 2015 to 2017. Serological and NAT results for HIV were evaluated. Results: Of the 28,625 samples of users of the hemotherapy service, 41 (0.14%) were HIV reagents and 21 (0.07%) had a reagent result for the NAT test. These data demonstrate a two-fold higher reactivity in the samples of serologically tested units as compared to the methodology used in NAT. Conclusions: Studies with different time periods are needed to further explain this association. The NAT test had a significant increase in the search for viruses and the safety in the release of blood components. The test was introduced in the blood bank routines in order to reduce the window period when compared to serological tests, a fact that was not observed in the years of data collection in the hemotherapy service referred to in this study. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Serologic Tests/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , HIV/isolation & purification , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods , Retrospective Studies , Blood Safety/methodsABSTRACT
Introduction: Hemotherapy consists of therapeutic treatments performed through blood transfusion. Clinical and serological screening of donors is an essential strategy to avoid transmission of infectious agents in blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to assess the seroprevalence of HIV infection, syphilis and syphilis/HIV coinfection in blood donors from a blood bank in Porto Alegre from 2014 to 2016. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all blood donors registered on a software for managing hemotherapy services (Hemodot) of the Blood Bank in the Marques Pereira Laboratory, Porto Alegre / RS, from 2014 to 2016. Results: Of the 28,173 users of the hemotherapy service during the study period, 198 (0.70%) were positive for syphilis, HIV infection, or syphilis/HIV co infection. The prevalence of positive results for syphilis was 0.3%, 0.57% and 0.70% in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, and for HIV infection was 0.18%, 0.14%, and 0.16% for the same period. However, the prevalence of syphilis/HIV coinfection was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of syphilis increased significantly from 2014 to 2016. Hovever, this did not occur with HIV infection or with coinfection. This finding may reflect the requirement of the nucleic acid technique (NAT) for HIV screening in blood banks, a procedure that has been increasing transfusion safety and reducing the window period. Further studies may shed new light on the combined use of serological tests and NAT assays in blood banks to diagnose HIV cases and syphilis/HIV coinfection (AU)